Cardano Message signing on Ledger & Trezor, needed among other things for CIP-1694 ballot process, should be released in April 2024.
Follow the milestones here:
milestones.projectcatalyst.io/projects/10001…

The second way, proposed by both @amw7 and @ATADA_Stakepool (IIRC) which we considered but felt hacky, is to build an explicitly invalid transaction (expired, etc) and have the hardware wallet sign that, then submit that in place of the signature. This way it incurs no fee.
There are basically two approaches we came up with:
The first way, and the way we chose: send a small amount of ADA to yourself, with the vote in the metadata, and the staking key as an "extra signer"; use a chain indexer to find anything with that metadata.
About the "1694 Ballot" poll issue with HW-Wallets...
Until we have DataSign on HW, i propose the following:
Do it - maybe for the next round - on a testnet like PreProd/PreView by simply using the same keys and match them with mainnet.
Lightwallet users can create a new…

Well, we can just do a poll on X or in the Cardano forum.
Doing it verified will *always* need a few more interactions to sign with a spending password or a hardware wallet. But, yes, everything around that can and should be made as simple as possible.
Why not using the Catalyst System for a short intermediate poll like that? Works for everyone.